In the Northern Hemisphere, the school year is drawing to a close, but it’s not too early to book a program for the fall term. In the Southern Hemisphere, the time to book a presentation is now. Request a program today.
HAMEC offers the latest in Holocaust education. In Pennsylvania and New Jersey, we provide live and virtual programs. We serve worldwide VIRTUALLY.
HAMEC is a key resource in the fight against antisemitism. Our programs are available to schools worldwide and can be in-person or virtual, depending on your needs. We also offer teacher training, recorded Survivor testimony, museum tours (virtual and in-person), public programs, adult education opportunities, artifacts for loan, a full academic library, and (soon) a publicly accessible catalog of our collection. For questions or to book a program, contact us at 215-464-4701 or info@hamec.org.
Gunter Demnig, who began initiative, says he hopes the Stolpersteine will help create ‘a different image of Germany,’ as US ambassador lays memorial plaque for her relatives
US Ambassador to Germany Amy Gutmann touches the freshly laid ‘Stolpersteine’ (stumbling stones) for members of her family in Feuchtwangen, Bavaria, on May 30, 2023. (Thomas Kienzle/AFP)
FEUCHTWANGEN, Germany (AFP) — The world’s largest grassroots Holocaust memorial project has laid its 100,000th personalized plaque, as the US ambassador to Germany honored her family members who fled the Nazis with an emotional ceremony.
When sculptor Gunter Demnig started the Stolpersteine, or “stumbling blocks,” initiative three decades ago, he had little idea it would spread to more than 20 countries in Europe and crystalize many of the fraught contemporary questions around historical remembrance.
Each block, or Stolperstein, the size of a cobblestone, bears a stark engraving with the name of a victim, birthdate, date of deportation or escape and, if known, date and place of death.
The shiny brass of the plaques, embedded in the pavement in front of the victim’s last home, catches the light, encouraging passers-by to stop and read the small inscriptions.
Last Friday, Demnig placed the 100,000th plaque in Nuremberg, the German city associated with the Nazis’ giant torchlight parades and the 1935 race laws that stripped Jews of their rights.
On Tuesday, he joined US Ambassador Amy Gutmann in the picturesque southern city of Feuchtwangen to lay eight blocks for her German Jewish relatives.
US Ambassador to Germany Amy Gutmann (C) holds a ‘Stolperstein’ (stumbling stone) with the name of her father Kurt Gutmann, as she attends together with her husband Michael W Doyle (L) and her daughter Abigail Doyle (R) a ceremony for laying Stolpersteine for the Gutmann family in Feuchtwangen, Bavaria, on May 30, 2023. (Thomas Kienzle/AFP)
“As the US ambassador, the daughter of Kurt Gutmann, a Jewish refugee from Feuchtwangen, I feel like we have come full circle from trauma to tribute,” she said.
While still a college student in 1934, Kurt Gutmann realized he and his family would not be safe in the country under Adolf Hitler and escaped to India, where his parents and five other relatives eventually joined him as the Nazis’ extermination campaign gathered pace.
He later settled in New York, where Amy Gutmann was born.
“With enormous foresight for a young man of only 23, Kurt Gutmann, my father, recognized the madness that was sweeping his home country,” said Gutmann, 73, fighting back tears. “He was a hero.”
She said that over the past year, “I have learned more about what my family experienced in Nazi Germany than I ever heard from them,” describing a “wall of silence” around Holocaust survivors.
Gutmann told guests at the commemoration in Feuchtwangen, which had an 800-year-old history of Jewish life, that the Stolpersteine gave her “the honor of bringing some closure for my family.”
Gunter Demnig (R) places Stolpersteine in commemoration of members of the Gutmann family as US Ambassador to Germany Amy Gutmann speaks in the background, in Feuchtwangen, Bavaria, on May 30, 2023. (Thomas Kienzle/AFP)
Demnig started the Stolpersteine in 1996, hoping to bring the unfathomable dimensions of the Holocaust down to a human scale. The project stands in marked contrast to the sprawling, more abstract memorial that later opened in central Berlin for the Nazis’ six million Jewish victims.
“My 100,000 stones are only so many,” Demnig, 75, told AFP, squeezing together two fingers in a pinch.
“But maybe someday there will be 200,000,” he said. “It will always remain a symbol. But I think this symbol is very important.”
The Stolpersteine are rooted in the Talmud, the central text of Judaism, which says that a person is forgotten only when their name is forgotten. They also aim to keep the memory of the Holocaust alive as the last survivors die off.
“The origin of the project is of course no reason for joy,” Demnig said.
“But when I see how happy these relatives are that their name is now back here, and I think that many go home again with a different image of Germany, then I know why I do it.”
Descendants often travel from abroad to lay the stones, which cost around 130 euros ($139) to cover Demnig’s expenses, and which are often financed by local sponsors.
Gunter Demnig lays Stolpersteine in commemoration of members of the family of US Ambassador to Germany Amy Gutmann (not pictured) in Feuchtwangen, Bavaria, on May 30, 2023. (Thomas Kienzle/AFP)
Current residents of homes from which Nazi victims were deported frequently attend the inauguration ceremonies and lay flowers for victims, while high school students research the biographies as part of history classes.
Although the Stolpersteine are now part of the landscape throughout Germany and many other European countries, some critics say the placement of the stones in pavement invites passers-by to tread on them, desecrating the victims’ memory.
The Stolpersteine project has grown during a time in which Germany’s Jewish community has flourished, now numbering more than 200,000 people.
But authorities have sounded the alarm over rising antisemitism in recent years, with 88 violent crimes targeting Jews recorded in 2022 according to German federal police, up from 64 the previous year.
Chef Alon Shaya, who grew up on the Main Line, says “a light bulb went off” when he realized that Steven Fenves, son of a family uprooted during World War II, was alive. “Rescued Recipes” was born.
Holocaust survivor Steven Fenves, with chef Alon Shaya (left), shows a prisoner number tattooed on his arm at Auschwitz to guests at a June 2022 fundraising dinner for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C.Read moreDeb Lindsey / The Washington Post
Alon Shaya left Israel with his family when he was 4, and grew up on the Main Line, attending Harriton High and Central Montco Tech before heading off to study at the Culinary Institute of America.
Shaya, now 44, settled in New Orleans in 2003 — winning best chef in the South from the James Beard Foundation in 2015 — before rekindling his relationship with the food of his homeland. In 2016, his Israeli-inspired restaurant at the time, Shaya, won the Beard for best new restaurant.
He followed up with a memoir, Shaya: An Odyssey of Food, My Journey Back to Israel.
The journey back to Israel led him to his passion project, which he calls “Rescued Recipes.” It stops in the Philadelphia area Saturday.
About 10 years ago, Shaya visited Israel on a culinary tour. At the Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem, he came across recipes written in death camps by female prisoners. “It was just so moving to me that people would, in their darkest hour, revert to talking about food and writing about food and reminiscing about meals that they would have with their family,” he said. “It just kind of stuck with me.”
Shaya mentioned this to a friend who had a connection to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington. Shortly after, Shaya and his wife, Emily, visited. “They had pulled out a lot of different recipes that people wrote on the back of things like receipts and torn-up pieces of flags and scrap paper,” he said.
The Shayas also saw a cookbook written in Hungarian that had been recovered from the home of the Fenyves family in Subotica, Yugoslavia, after the authorities had rounded them up in May 1944 and sent them to a Jewish ghetto.
They learned about Lajos and Klári Fenyves, daughter Estera, and son Steven, who was 12 at the time. Steven, who survived the death camps and moved to the United States, later found the family’s cook, who had swiped the cookbook to save it from looters. Steven Fenves (who had Americanized his surname when he became a citizen) donated it to the museum.
Shaya said that when he learned that Fenves was alive, “a light bulb went off. I could get a first-person narrative around the recipes and around the food and around the story of the cookbook that Steven had to share and his family has gone through.”
The original Fenves family cookbook, shown by Anne Marigza, a conservator for the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum.Deb Lindsey / The Washington Post
He reached out to Fenves, a retired civil engineer renowned for his work in the structural integrity of concrete and steel, who lives in Maryland.
A friendship was born.
Fenves translated the recipes into English and emailed them to Shaya. “I would call him, asking questions about his memories of them,” Shaya said. “He would give me feedback about what he remembered or, what he didn’t remember.” Shaya cooked the dishes, packed them in dry ice, and sent them overnight to Fenves.
Tasting the food of his childhood deeply affected Fenves, who turns 92 on June 6. “I have been giving Holocaust survivor talks since 1976,” he said. “A few years ago I experienced something like burnout and my talks changed, eventually becoming mere recitations of facts without any emotion showing.”
The interaction had reignited Fenves’ passion, Fenves said. “I resumed my talks as a committed spokesman for the six million victims, recalling and retelling the emotions engendered not just by the taste of foods, but also by the joys of the intense family and social life that was taken from us,” he said.
Fenves and Shaya have hosted dinners together. Usually there are eight dishes from the family cookbook, such as semolina sticks, potato circles, and a walnut cream cake. Fenves attended a dinner in Washington last year, but he no longer travels.
Shaya is planning other dinners around the country. So far, he said, he and Fenves have raised $400,000 for the Holocaust Memorial Museum’s conservation efforts.
Shaya said he was not sure where the project will go, beyond the dinners. Perhaps it will become a book, Shaya said.
“It’s been one of the most rewarding things I’ve done in my career,” said Shaya, who now owns Saba and Miss River restaurants in New Orleans and Safta in Denver. “I always look to do more than just make dinner for people. This has been definitely something that I look forward to telling my daughter [Ruth, age 2] about one day when she’s old enough.”
Now is the time to book a program customized for your students and your community. Oceans and time zones are no barrier. We serve worldwide VIRTUALLY. In Pennsylvania and New Jersey we provide live and virtual programming. HAMEC provides the latest in Holocaust education. Request a program today.
HAMEC is a key resource in the fight against antisemitism. Our programs are available to schools worldwide and can be in-person or virtual, depending on your needs. We also offer teacher training, recorded Survivor testimony, museum tours (virtual and in-person), public programs, adult education opportunities, artifacts for loan, a full academic library, and (soon) a publicly accessible catalog of our collection. For questions or to book a program, contact us at 215-464-4701 or info@hamec.org.
In my 37-year tenure as a California public school teacher, I’ve seen the way the Holocaust is studied and taught change greatly. But in recent years, I’ve also seen an alarming uptick in antisemitic attitudes and behavior permeate our schools and communities nationwide.
Across the United States, antisemitic incidents have risen 36% in the past year – reaching the highest recorded level since the 1970s, when the Anti-Defamation League began tracking them.
Whereas before students could hear survivors speak directly about their experiences, as they pass on, I have had to seek other dynamic ways to instill in my students an understanding of the Holocaust that goes beyond the literature. To make clear what this rhetoric can lead to when unaddressed, it’s essential that students don’t just memorize dates and names, but also are challenged to really understand and question how and why the Holocaust happened. This is how we truly learn from history.
For instance, part of our curriculum – and a majority of American educational curricula – is to read “Anne Frank: The Diary Of A Young Girl.” This is an effective way to teach about the Holocaust because it personalizes the tragic story and presents it through the lens of a child, often close in age to the students who are reading her. It is an important part of our curriculum, but in today’s world, teachers need to do more to bring history to life for their students.
Facing the horrors of our past isn’t optional
Holocaust education is also a deeply personal topic for me, as my grandmother’s family was murdered at Auschwitz. This is why I was immediately enticed by the opportunity to bring my students to the exhibit “Auschwitz. Not long ago. Not far away.”at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California, last month.
I witnessed firsthand the way my students reacted to the hundreds of artifacts within the exhibit, including pages and photographs to accompany a display about the diary of Anne Frank. Lifting the story off the page and into a space where they can see and interact with history for themselves deepened their understanding of the Holocaust tenfold. It’s the difference between hearing your friend talk about an amazing new pizza restaurant, and actually going there and taking a bite.
Today’s students are in such a visual, immersive, instant world. They are influenced by their families, their peers and increasingly by social media. They are more plugged in than ever. They are wildly connected to social and political issues, but they are also vulnerable to disinformation and hate speech.
A 2018 MIT study found that false information travels six times faster on social media than the truth. This is alarming. It’s difficult enough for adults who are aware of what’s going on to make sense of it. Absent any protections, these young minds are navigating a minefield of information while still learning what truth is. Exhibits like this legitimize the truth and make it real.
Eric Adler is an eighth grade English teacher in Simi Valley, California.
Educators want to teach how – not what – students should think
I believe I have a duty as a teacher to reveal to my students the bubbles that we all – intentionally or not – can find ourselves living in, and make events like this a part of the school day. These lessons are not optional, and the exhibit itself shows us what humanity has been capable of – and could one day be again if we refuse to reflect upon our past and learn from it.
As an educator, my job is to teach my students how to think, not what to think. However, in our current social and political climate, it’s more essential than ever that I ensure my students are learning to think critically and having their belief systems challenged. My goal has always been for my students to leave my classroom armed with knowledge.https://www.usatodaynetworkservice.com/tangstatic/html/usat/sf-q1a2z312ed1448.min.html
As my group of 90 students went through the Auschwitz exhibit, I watched them confront history. I saw them learn. At times, they seemed uneasy or uncertain, but this unsteadiness is the first step on the journey of true learning. It was clear that they got an incredible amount out of their visit. For my part, even after teaching this subject for decades, I was deeply moved by the displays at the library. My own understanding of the Holocaust was enriched through this experience.
Every educator – and every human – who has the opportunity to visit this exhibit, and bring the budding minds of our next generation along, should feel a duty to do so. In today’s world, I truly believe there is absolutely nothing more important than to expose our students to powerful, immersive experiences that bring the past to light, shed truth on our present reality, and equip them to build a brighter future.
Marie Doduck is the author of a new memoir about surviving the Holocaust. (Riddle Films)
The Nazis may have stripped Holocaust survivor Marie Doduck of her childhood, but they could never take her stories.
Doduck was five when soldiers invaded her hometown of Brussels, Belgium, in 1940 and she was forced into hiding for years, until the war ended and she was sent to Canada to start a new life.
In her 2023 memoir, A Childhood Unspoken, Doduck recounts how she survived the atrocities in Europe before finding a home — and new hardship — as an orphan in a foreign, and sometimes unfriendly, country.
May is Jewish Heritage Month in Canada and to mark the occasion, Doduck, who now resides in Vancouver, spoke with The Early Edition host Stephen Quinn about the many incredible chapters in her life.
The following transcript has been edited for clarity and length.
You arrived in Vancouver after the Second World War. What can you tell us about why you came here and who you came with?
I came to Canada with other Jewish children in 1947 and arrived in Vancouver on January 3, 1948. I am the youngest child survivor to be accepted in Canada at that time and there were only 1,123 children. [The Orphan War Project was an initiative by the Canadian Jewish Congress to foster Jewish children who had lost parents in the Holocaust.]
Marie Doduck, pictured folding her hands in front of face, in a Belgian orphanage at the end of the war. (Submitted by the Azrieli Foundation)
I got off the ship, the Aquitania, in Halifax and we were not really welcomed because we were strange. We were from war-torn Europe and we were children in bodies, but adults in mind. I’m the youngest of 11 and arrived with three of my siblings.
We were children in bodies, but adults in mind.-Marie Doduck, Holocaust survivor who came to Canada after the war at age 12
So how did you end up in Vancouver after arriving in Halifax?
We were destined for Montreal and they put us on a train that stopped there and said this will be your home. I speak French but didn’t understand the Quebec accent so I said no, I can’t stay here. I ended up with my siblings in Vancouver after a stay in Winnipeg which was the dumping ground for all Jewish children until they found us homes.
And when you came to Vancouver, where did you live?
I lived with a foster family who became my parents and then I looked after them for 37½ years. They became grandparents to my children. But I didn’t feel welcome in the city. We had hid in Europe and felt like hiding here too.
Marie Doduck, far right, is pictured with her mother and brother Simon, far left, and an unknown man in Brussels, circa 1940. (Submitted by the Azrieli Foundation)
How so?
All of us spoke different and many languages — I spoke seven — but had to learn English and Hebrew when I came here. We were the children that brought in English language classes because we couldn’t speak to anyone except in the common Jewish language, Yiddish, and most Canadians wouldn’t accept us because of our accents.
Marie Doduck in Vancouver circa 1951. (Submitted by the Azrieli Foundation)
Our then Prime Minister Mackenzie King said when we came that none is too many and we were damaged goods. Mentally, yes, we had seen terrible things. I had been in hiding since I was five and lost my family.
So I started school and did Grade 1 to Grade 6 in 10 months. I did 14 years of school in seven while being told I was dumb and kids pushed me down stairs and dipped my hair in inkwells. But I made it, we all made a life in Canada, a good one.
From age five to 10 and then it took two years to get accepted to Canada so I lived in orphanages. I was also used in the French Resistance because I have a photographic memory.
Marie Doduck’s book is part of the Azrieli Foundation’s series of Holocaust survivor memoirs. (Rhea Singer)
Your memoir is called Childhood Unspoken. Tell me more about the unspoken parts of your childhood and why you felt like you couldn’t speak for so long.
Because my mother made the mistake of listening to Nazi propaganda and went to the police station and registered my family members by name and by doing that she condemned us to death.
To make a long story short, my brother was in the French Resistance and he separated us siblings and we went into hiding and before I kissed my mother goodbye he told me don’t give anyone your last name, don’t make trouble, don’t ask questions and don’t cry. And so I became a child of silence and that’s how I survived.
You became one of the founders of the Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre. How have you seen the Jewish community change in the region since you first arrived?
When I came into Vancouver in 1948 there was only about 1,000 Jewish families and now there are more than 37,000. Back then, at age 12, there were Jewish rules and I had no life really because I was watched by the government. To get married, I had to go to court and ask permission. That has changed of course.
And I went on to work with children and in education and, as you know, education is the most important thing.
Development work in Lublin unearthed the human remains and evidence suggests that hundreds more bodies could be found. Meir Bulka, who works to preserve Poland’s Jewish heritage, is trying to stop further construction.
Human remains that were found at the site in Lublin, this month. A private investor plans to develop apartments and a commercial center there.Credit: IPN Ofer Aderet
A mass grave with 25 human skeletons has been recently uncovered at a site in the Polish city of Lublin where hundreds of Jews were murdered during the Holocaust.
A team from Poland’s Institute of National Remembrance, or IPN, a governmental body responsible for documenting Nazi crimes, has been at the site for several days and plans to stay longer than the staff originally planned following their initial findings. Historical evidence suggests that the remains of hundreds more people may be found there.
The remains that were unearthed at the site. Credit: IPN
The site, called Gorki Czechowskie, is a neglected nature reserve in the eastern Polish city. Meir Bulka, chairman of the J-nerations, an organization dedicated to preserving the country’s Jewish heritage, and a member of the Bar-Ilan University Holocaust center, has found evidence that in March 1942 around 900 Jews were murdered there. Some 640 were killed on the 16th and the rest two days later. The victims had been imprisoned in Lublin Castle, where the Nazis held both Jews and regime opponents.
The site was sold in 2018 to a private investor who plans to develop apartments and a commercial center there. Environmental activists opposed the plan on the grounds that it was a rare green space in the city and launched protests. In 2020, they presented Bulka with photographs of bones found at the site during initial construction work.
IPN has so far refused to provide additional details about the findings. “The work is progressing and until it is completed we will not be able to answer your questions. Later, we will issue a proper announcement,” the institute’s spokesman said in response to a Haaretz query.
Poland’s Chief Rabbi Michael Schudrich said that he is monitoring the situation and that it cannot yet be said that these are Jewish remains. He stressed that everyone must wait until the work has been completed.
Bulka visited the site in 2019 and was shocked by what he found. “I saw with my own eyes children playing in a sports field, which the developer had built for them, right next to a place where Jews were murdered during the Shoah,” he said. “The thought that one day hundreds of new residents will be living in close proximity to a mass grave, one of the largest in this area, gives me no rest.”
The IPN opened an investigation of the site in 2022 and eventually confirmed the presence of human bones there. But the institute didn’t say whether the remains were those of Jews or other victims of the Nazis. Institute staff returned to the site this month and are still working there now.
Institute of National Remembrance staff at the site. Credit: IPN
Research that Bulka conducted at the Majdanek concentration camp museum, near Lublin, led to archival material showing that the site was used for executions – of Jews and non-Jews alike – by the Nazis between 1939 and 1945.
The files included testimony by local residents, who said they saw from their windows how the Nazis would assemble Poles and Jews at the site and shoot them dead. Some of the testimony stated explicitly that the victims were Jews. “They killed Poles, Jews, mainly,” wrote one. “We heard screams when they arrived by vehicle to the shooting site.”
At the beginning of the year, Bulka met with church leaders in Lublin and found them receptive and sensitive to the memory of the victims, both Jews and non-Jews. He recruited them to a joint undertaking to prevent the desecration of the dead at the site. Bulka now hopes that the work at the site will be stopped immediately and that the memory of the Jews and other Poles who were murdered will be commemorated there instead.
JENKINTOWN, Pennsylvania (WPVI) — The world premiere of a brand new musical called ‘Hidden’, based on the real-life events of a Holocaust survivor, will be held on Saturday in Jenkintown.
When she was 4 years old, Ruth Kapp Hartz was hidden in Southern France during World War II.
Now, her story is being told on stage through spoken word and song.
“I never expected this to happen in the autumn of my life,” Ruth says. “I’m very excited, especially because in the context of the Holocaust, not many people know what happened to hidden children.”
To hide the fact that she was Jewish, Ruth was forced to change her name to Renée.
“Renee means reborn, and now I’m being reborn again with this incredible musical,” she says.
The musical was written and produced by David and Jenny Heitler-Klevans.
“We were very moved by Ruth’s story,” David says, “and to have contact with the subject of our piece is just amazing.”
The musical touches on themes of identity, antisemitism, resilience and resistance.
“Reliving my childhood is very emotional for me,” Ruth says. “But on the other hand, I think the message is so universal.”
Ruth recently met the two actresses who play her.
“The young girl who is playing me, Sydney Zimney, is incredible,” Ruth says. “She’s 11 years old, and in the sixth grade. I think she will be the star of the show.”
The world premiere of ‘Hidden’ is happening this weekend at Abington Friends School in Jenkintown.
A portion of the ticket sales will benefit Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center.
This video features Ruth Kapp Hartz telling her story of being a hidden child in France during World War II, as well as interviews with members of the family who rescued her. The video was made by David & Jenny Heitler-Klevans, Omar Haq, and Rodney Whittenberg.
Click on a photo or video to open slideshow.
Saut du Tern Factory, Arthès
Where Ruth’s father worked
The cast of “Hidden” met Ruth Kapp Hartz, the subject of the musical, on April 13, 2023. Kenny Moss was on hand to photograph the event.
Now is the time to book a program customized for your students and your community. Oceans and time zones are no barrier. We serve worldwide VIRTUALLY. In Pennsylvania and New Jersey we provide live and virtual programming. HAMEC provides the latest in Holocaust education. Request a program today.
HAMEC is a key resource in the fight against antisemitism. Our programs are available to schools worldwide and can be in-person or virtual, depending on your needs. We also offer teacher training, recorded Survivor testimony, museum tours (virtual and in-person), public programs, adult education opportunities, artifacts for loan, a full academic library, and (soon) a publicly accessible catalog of our collection. For questions or to book a program, contact us at 215-464-4701 or info@hamec.org.
CBS12 News and the Shoah Foundation have been working to bring you ‘Hate Rising: Antisemitism in America,’ our special series of reports examining the recent rise in antisemitism both in Florida and around the country. (WPEC)
WEST PALM BEACH, Fla. (CBS12) — CBS12 News and the Shoah Foundation have been working to bring you ‘Hate Rising: Antisemitism in America,’ our special series of reports examining the recent rise in antisemitism both in Florida and around the country.
In part 4, we focus on the most important thing you can do today to ensure nothing like the horrors of the Holocaust can ever happen again: education.
For the past few years, our partners with the Shoah Foundation have worked with artificial intelligence technology to allow people to ask direct questions to survivors about their experience during and after the war, even after they have passed on.
CBS12 News and the Shoah Foundation have been working to bring you ‘Hate Rising: Antisemitism in America,’ our special series of reports examining the recent rise in antisemitism both in Florida and around the country. (WPEC)
The Florida Holocaust Museum in St. Petersburg is home to this unique experiment, called “Dimensions in Testimony,” which has allowed visitors to ask questions to people like Ed Herman. Herman, born in Warsaw, Poland in 1931, and his family were relocated into Jewish ghetto after Germany invaded Poland in 1939.
In 2021, Herman sat down for an interview where he would answer hundreds of questions about his childhood, his experiences during the war, and his reflections after it.
Herman is one of four survivors visitors can ask questions to in this unique interactive experience at the Florida Holocaust Museum.
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